The most common reductions are found at the beginning of questions. Here's a list of important reductions with the pronunciation written out to help you learn to recognize them in everyday American English.


Are you ...? = arya
Can you ...? = kinya
Could you ...? = kudja
Would you ...? = wudja
Did you ...? = didja
Do you ...? = doja
Don't you ...? = doncha
Will you ...? = wilja
Do you want to ...? = doyawanna
Are you going to ...? = aryagonna
Do you have to ...? = dijahafta

Focus on the Main Verb
If you choose to use reductions in your use of American English, it is important to focus on the main verb in the question to correctly pronounce using reductions. In other words, we quickly speak over the reduced forms (are you, could you, etc.) and stress the main verb. Listen to these example reduced questions to hear the how the main verb is stressed.

Are you ...? = arya
Are you enjoying yourself?
Are you going to help me tonight?

Can you ...? = kinya
Can you say that again?
Can you understand me?

Could you ...? = kudja
Could you help me?
Could you visit next month?

Would you ...? = wudja
Would you like to have dinner?
Would you answer my question?

Did you ...? = didja
Did you see him?
Did you buy it?

Do you ...? = dija
Do you play tennis?
Do you eat fish?

Don't you ...? = doncha
Don't you love it?
Don't you understand?

Will you ...? = wilja
Will you come with me?
Will you finish tonight?

Do you want to ...? = diyawanna
Do you want to have fun?
Do you want to eat out?

Are you going to ...? = aryagonna
Are you going to leave?
Are you going to have lunch?

Do you have to ...? = dijahafta
Do you have to stay?
Do you have to work today?

Gotta and Wanna
Two of the most common reductions are gotta and wanna. Gotta is the reduction of got to. It's rather strange because its use means have to. In other words, in informal American English "I got to get up early." means "I have to get up early." This is then further reduced to "I gotta get up early." Wanna means want to and is used to indicate the desire to do something. For example, "I wanna go home." means "I want to go home." A synonymous expression is also "I would like to go home." However, this form is much more formal.