Adding the Endings ed, ing to Verbs

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he ending ED is added to regular verbs to form the simple past tense and the past participle. The ending ING is added to verbs to form the present participle and the gerund, which are the same in form (-ing form) but different in meaning and function.

The final vowel letter of the verb (E, Y) may change before adding ED or ING. The final consonant letter of the verb does not change when these endings are added (except C). In certain cases the final consonant letter is doubled when ED or ING is added.


Note: In this material, the ing-form is translated into Russian with the meaning of the present participle. Russian translation is approximate.

Pronunciation

The ending ED has three variants of pronunciation depending on the sound or letter after which it stands. (The mute letter E at the end of the word is not taken into consideration in this rule.)

After a voiceless consonant: [t] – baked, looked, lacked, jumped, stopped, laughed, puffed, passed, fixed, hatched, flashed.

After a voiced consonant or after a vowel: [d] – robbed, begged, saved, called, learned, occurred, boomed, bathed, judged, seized, played, lied, toed, studied, mowed, weighed.

After the letters "t, d": [id] – wanted, hated, started, counted, patted, added, needed, faded, folded.

Adding to final E




Rule: If the verb ends in the silent letter E, the letter E is usually dropped before adding ED or ING.

live – lived – living;

use – used – using;

dine – dined – dining;

hate – hated – hating;

name – named – naming;

move – moved – moving;

note – noted – noting;

care – cared – caring;

cure – cured – curing;

hire – hired – hiring;

bore – bored – boring;

notice – noticed – noticing;

manage – managed – managing;

judge – judged – judging;

breathe – breathed – breathing;

seize – seized – seizing;

argue – argued – arguing;

sue – sued – suing;

issue – issued – issuing.

Exceptions:

singe – singed – singeing;

toe – toed – toeing;

dye – dyed – dyeing.


Note: Verbs that end in EE have the following spelling patterns for adding ED or ING.

agree – agreed – agreeing;

free – freed – freeing;

see – seeing;

flee – fleeing.


Note: Verbs like TIE drop the final letter E before adding ED. Verbs like TIE drop the final letter E and change I to Y before adding ING.

lie – lied – lying;

die – died – dying;

tie – tied – tying;

vie – vied – vying.

Adding to final Y












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