English Reading and Writing Module Study Plan: 1 month - 2 month - 4 month

5 Day Study Plan for Reading and Writing for People with Strong Foundation Skills:

• Read 'Test Overview' to get a bird eye view of the test — 10 minutes
   
• Go through 'Learn Core Test Strategies in One Hour' — 60 minutes
   
• To check your vocabulary, take 'Vocabulary Pretest'. This is part of your foundation skill. Without strong vocabulary, no amount of reading or writing strategies will help — 30 minutes
   
• To check your Grammar and Writing foundation skills, take Sentence Correction Test1, Sentence Improvement Test1, and Paragraph Improvement Test1 listed on this site. Without grammar, you wont' get high score in your writing, and you may not even able to understand authors point of view in many readings because the use of various grammatical structure to convey their point of views — 30 minutes
   
• Take 'Listening and Speaking' tests to check your listening and speaking skills — 60 minutes
   

Did you score 80%+ on all above tests?
If yes, then, your foundation skills are adequate, and you can proceed to the next step below to complete the rest of the study plan. If not, then, you must follow 'Study Plan 2' listed later.

• To proceed with Study Plan 1, read 'Learn Core Test Strategies in One Hour'  and then take first official test (as a pretest) under test conditions. Check your answer, correct your mistake and wait 24 hours — 5 hours
   
• Repeat above step for your practice test 2, 3, 4, and 5
   
• If you are satisfied with your results on both tests, book a test date - you are ready
   
• On other hand, if your score in pretests or on full length past official tests is less than 80%, then, you need to follow Study Plan 2 below.

Study Plan 2
If you fail to get 80% on your test means you need to work on your foundation skills. Without strong foundation skills, it is difficult to get your desire score. For example, without strong vocabulary, not matter how many strategist you learn or official practice test you take, you will not be able to do critical reading. Same is true for writing. Without strong grammar skills, you can't do effective writing.
 
Here is  one month, two month and four month Reading and Writing study plans:

• One month study plan: First four parts (such as read 'Test Overview', take 'Vocabulary, Grammar and Writing pre-test, etc.,) are the same as of above 5 day study plan. After that, for one month study plan where you will also build your foundation skills, you would need to study 4 hour per day for one month (90 hours total) to master Grammar, Reading and Writing foundation skills for the test. To build your foundation skills, you can use Auxtar.com's "Master Reading and Writing in 90 Hour" course or any other foundation course that you may have access to. Total time: 90 hour
   
• Two month study plan: If you have only two month to study, then study 2 hour per day for two month (90 hours total) to master the test.
   
• Four month study plan: If you have luxury of four month to study, then study one hour per day for four month (90 hours total) to master the test.

Listening and Speaking Study Plans:
 
Here is  one month, two month and four month Listening and Speaking study plans:

• 5 day plan: Take listening and speaking pretests listed on this website. For speaking answer, record your voice and ask your friend or teacher to judge it. After taking both tests, if you have scored 80% or higher marks in listening test, you can just practice 5 official tests in next 5 days and can book the test date once you are satisfied with your practice test results.
   
• One month study plan: If you have only one month to study and also need to build your foundation skills, then study 4 hour per day for one month (90 hours total) to master Listening and Speaking portion of the test by taking Auxtar.com's 'Master Listening and Speaking in 90 Hour' course for your test.
   
• Two month study plan: Take Auxtar's "Master Listening and Speaking in 90 Hour" and study 2 hour per day for two month (90 hours total) to master listening and speaking modules of the test.
   
• Four month study plan: Take Auxtar's "Master Listening and Speaking in 90 Hour" and study one hour per day for four month (90 hours total) to master listening and speaking modules of the test.

No matter what study plan you choose, you should watch regularly your favorite TV programs and movies 3 to 4 hours a day and practice your listening and speaking using official practice tests.

For each of the following paragraphs, choose the topic sentence that best fits the rest of the paragraph.

Paragraph 1:
________________________________________. Residents have been directed to use the new plastic bins as their primary recycling containers. These new containers will make picking up recyclables faster and easier.
1.
a. The city has distributed standardized recycling containers to all households.
b. Recycling has become a way of life for most people.
c. While most Americans recycle, they also use more resources than residents of other countries.
d. Even small cities have begun recycling to pick up used glass, plastic, and paper.

Paragraph 2:
____________________________________. Telecommuters produce, on average, 20% more than if they were to work in an office. Their flexible schedule allows them to balance both their family and work responsibilities.

2.
a. People who work in offices make up a large part of the U.S. work force.
b. Office workers who telecommute from their own homes are more productive and have greater flexibility.
c. Many companies now offer their employees benefits that were not available just a few years ago.
d. One of the biggest problems in corporate America is the lack of skilled office workers.

Paragraph 3:
___________________________________. No search of a person's home or personal effects may be conducted without a written search warrant. This means that a judge must justify a search before it can be conducted.

3.
a. There is an old saying that a person's home is his or her castle.
b. Much of the U.S. legal system was based on the old British system.
c. The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution protects citizens against unreasonable searches.
d. ''Personal effects'' is a term that refers to the belongings of a person.

Paragraph 4:
___________________________________ You must imitate as closely as possible the parents' methods of feeding. First, hold the beak open using thumb and forefinger. Then, introduce food into the beak with tweezers or an eyedropper.

4.
a. Recently, I read an article about baby birds.
b. Hand-rearing wounded or orphaned baby birds requires skill.
c. Baby birds are very special creatures, and they are also very small.
d. I have been told that you should not touch a baby bird that has fallen out of its nest.

Paragraph 5:
__________________________________. All waves, though, have common characteristics that govern their height. The height of a wave is determined by its speed, the distance it travels, and the length of time the wind blows.

5.
a. Currents, unlike waves, are caused by steady winds or temperature fluctuations.
b. Tsunamis used to be called tidal waves.
c. Ocean waves can vary from tiny ripples to powerful, raging swells.
d. A breaker is when a wave gets top-heavy and tips over.

Paragraph 6:
___________________________________. When people respect the law too much, they will follow it blindly. They will say that the majority has decided on this law and therefore I must obey it. They will not stop to consider whether or not the law is fair.

6.
a. Some people say there is too little respect for the law, but I say there is too much respect for it.
b. Sometimes a judge will decide that a law is unfair.
c. I believe that the majority of the people in this country do not understand what it means to have respect for other people.
d. Most of the laws passed at the end of the twentieth century are fair laws.

Paragraph 7:
The term "overdose" is difficult to define. A single aspirin may cause hemorrhage in one person,
while an injection of cocaine may merely make another high. ___________________________________ Aspects such as age, weight, and general health are vitally important.

7.
a. Drugs are an increasingly profound problem in society, one that most law enforcement
officials simply aren't equipped to deal with.
b. Therefore, when dealing with an unconscious victim suspected of having overdosed, one must weigh certain factors carefully.
c. The 911 system, now available almost everywhere, is an invaluable tool in getting help to the victim of overdose.
d. Both aspirin and cocaine can look like harmless white powder, yet they are very different from one another in effect.

Paragraph 8:
The term "spices" is a pleasant one, whether it connotes fine French cuisine or a down-home,
cinnamon-flavored apple pie.___________________________ Individuals have traveled the
world seeking exotic spices for profit and, in searching, have changed the course of history Indeed, to gain control of lands harboring new spices, nations have actually gone to war.

8.
a. The taste and aroma of spices are the main elements that make food such a source of fascination and pleasure.
b. The term might equally bring to mind Indian curry made thousands of miles away and those delicious barbecued ribs sold down on the corner.
c. It is exciting to find a good cookbook and experiment with spices from other lands—indeed, it is one way to travel around the globe!
d. The history of spices, however, is another matter altogether, often exciting, at times filled with danger and intrigue.

Paragraph 9:
______________________________________ Although these mechanical alarms are fairly
recent, the idea of a security system is not new. The oldest alarm system was probably a few
strategically placed dogs that discouraged intruders with a loud warning cry.

9.
a. Anyone who lives in a large, modern city has heard the familiar sound of electronic security alarms.
b. Everyone knows that a large, barking dog will scare away strangers, even the mail carrier.
c. Why spend money on an alarm system when you can get the same service from an animal?
d. Without a good alarm system, your place of business could be vandalized.

Paragraph 10:

_______________________________________.According to scholars, these patterns almost
certainly represent the labyrinth that held the Minotaur, a monster with the head of a bull and the
body of a man. Legend has it that, in ancient times, King Minos built the labyrinth in order to
imprison the Minotaur, which loved to dine on human flesh.

10.
a. Patterned corridors are commonplace in many architectural structures.
b. In the palace at Knossos, on the isle of Crete, there is a corridor leading to the outside that
is decorated with coils and spiral patterns.
c. Archeologists contend that patterns on the walls and corridors of ancient architectural structures are usually meaningful.
d. Scholars who have studied the palace at Knossos, on the isle of Crete, are at a loss to explain the meaning of the coils and spirals on its corridor walls.

Answers:
1. a. This is the best Choice because it is the only one that refers to recycling containers, which is the main focus of this paragraph. The other Choices are statements about recycling in general.
2. b. This is the only Choice that mentions telecommuting, which is the main focus of this paragraph. The other Choices are too general.
3. c. This Choice refers to "unreasonable searches," which is the main focus of this paragraph. Choice a can be ruled out because this idea is not developed by the other two sentences. Choices b and d are also far from the topic of unreasonable searches.
4. b. This Choice clearly fits with the main focus of the paragraph, which is the skill that is needed to hand-rear orphaned baby birds. Choice a is too vague to be a topic sentence. Choices c and d introduce other topics.
5. c. The main focus of the paragraph is the height of a wave. This is the only Choice that introduces that topic.
6. a. The paragraph expresses the writer's opinion about respect for the law. Choices b and d can be ruled out because they are irrelevant to the main topic. Choice c can also be eliminated because it discusses respect for other people, not respect for the law.
7. b. This Choice mentions factors to be weighed, leading directly into the next sentence about age, weight, and general health.

8. d. "Changing the course of history" and nations going to war implies that the subject of the paragraph is history; these phrases also connote danger and intrigue.
9. a. This is the only Choice that is in keeping with the main focus of the paragraph. Although dogs are mentioned in the paragraph, Choices b and c can be ruled out because Sentences 2 and 3 do not logically follow either Choice.
10. b. This Choice focuses the paragraph by speaking of a particular patterned corridor, as is described in the rest of the paragraph. Choices a and c only speak of patterned corridors in general. Choice d is contradicted in the passage.

Choose the sentence that expresses the idea most clearly.

1.

a. Officer DeAngelo phoned his partner every day when he was in the hospital.
b. When his partner was in the hospital, Officer DeAngelo phoned him every day.
c. When in the hospital, a phone call was made every day by Officer DeAngelo to his partner.
d. His partner received a phone call from Officer DeAngelo every day while he was in the hospital.

2.
a. Some of the case transcripts I have to type are very long, but that doesn't bother one if the cases are interesting.
b. Some of the case transcripts I have to type are very long, but that doesn't bother you if the
cases are interesting.
c. Some of the case transcripts I have to type are very long, but it doesn't bother a person if
the cases are interesting.
d. Some of the case transcripts I have to type are very long, but that doesn't bother me if the
cases are interesting.

3.
a. In search of the missing teenagers, who still had not been found through snake-ridden underbrush all day, the exhausted volunteers had struggled.
b. All day the exhausted volunteers had struggled through snake-ridden underbrush in search
of the missing teenagers, who still had not been found.
c. All day the exhausted volunteers had struggled through snake-ridden underbrush who still
had not been found in searching for the missing teenagers.
d. The exhausted volunteers who still had not found in search of the missing teenagers when
they had struggled through snake-ridden underbrush.

4.
a. For three weeks the Merryville Fire Chief received taunting calls from an arsonist, who would not say where he intended to set the next fire.
b. The Merryville Fire Chief received taunting calls from an arsonist, but he would not say
where he intended to set the next fire, for three weeks.
c. He would not say where he intended to set the next fire, but for three weeks the Merryville
Fire Chief received taunting calls from an arsonist.
d. The Merryville Police Chief received taunting calls from an arsonist for three weeks, not
saying where he intended to set the next fire.


5.
a. There is no true relationship between ethics and the law.
b. Ethics and the law having no true relationship.
c. Between ethics and the law, no true relationship.
d. Ethics and the law is no true relationship.

6.
a. Some people say jury duty is a nuisance that just takes up their precious time and that we don't get paid enough.
b. Some people say jury duty is a nuisance that just takes up your precious time and that one
doesn't get paid enough.
c. Some people say jury duty is a nuisance that just takes up precious time and that doesn't
pay enough.
d. Some people say jury duty is a nuisance that just takes up our precious time and that they
don't get paid enough.

7.
a. As soon she realized that the hurricane was going to strike, the mayor told the residents to evacuate the city.
b. As soon she realized that the hurricane was going to strike, the city residents were told to
evacuate by the mayor.
c. As soon she realized that the hurricane was going to strike, the mayor tells the city residents of her decision to evacuate.
d. As soon she realized that the hurricane was going to strike, the residents of the city were told to evacuate by the mayor.

8.
a. A sharpshooter for many years, a pea could be shot off a person's shoulder from 70 yards away by Miles Johnson.
b. A sharpshooter for many years, Miles Johnson could shoot a pea off a person's shoulder from 70 yards away.
c. A sharpshooter for many years, from 70 yards away off a person's shoulder Miles Johnson could have shot a pea.
d. A sharpshooter for many years, Miles Johnson could shoot from 70 yards away off a person's shoulder a pea.

9.
a. By the time they are in the third or fourth grade, the eyes of most children in the United States are tested.
b. Most children by the time they are in the United States have their eyes tested in the third or fourth grade.
c. Most children in the United States have their eyes tested by the time they are in the third or fourth grade.
d. In the United States by the time of third or fourth grade, there is testing of the eyes of most children.

10.
a. Ultra-violet radiation levels are 60 percent higher at 8,500 feet from the sun than they  are at sea level, according to researchers.
b. Researchers have found from the sun ultraviolet radiation levels 60 percent higher, they say, at 8,500 feet than at sea level.
c. Researchers have found that ultra-violet radiation levels from the sun are 60 percent higher at 8,500 feet than they are at sea level.
d. At 8,500 feet researchers have found that ultra-violet radiation levels are 60 percent higher from sea level with the sun's rays.

Answers:

1. b. In the other choices, the pronoun reference is ambiguous; it is unclear who is in the hospital.

2. d. The other answers contain unnecessary shifts in person from I to one, you, and a  person.
3. b. This is the only choice that is clear and unambiguous. All the other choices contain misplaced modifiers, resulting in unclear and illogical statements.
4. a. The other choices are unclear because they are awkwardly constructed, obscuring who intends to set the fire.
5. a. Answers b and c are sentence fragments. Answer d represents confused sentence
structure as well as lack of agreement between subject and verb.
6. c. The other choices contain unnecessary shifts in person, from people to their and we in answer a, to your and one in answer b, and to our and they in answer d.
7. a. This choice is clear, has no misplaced modifiers, and has no shifts in verb tense. Choices b and d have misplaced modifiers and result in unclear sentences; c has an unnecessary shift from past to present tense.
8. b. This is the only choice that does not have a misplaced modifier. Because Miles Johnson
is the sharpshooter, his name should be placed immediately after the introductory phrase—which rules out choices a and c. Choice d is awkwardly constructed and unclear.
9. c. This is the only choice that is clear and logical. Choice a reads as though the eyes are in the third or fourth grade. Choices b and d are unclear.
10. c. This is the only choice that makes logical sense.

Sentence Correction Practice Test 1

In each of the questions below, part or all of the sentence is underlined. The underlined text may contain an error in sentence construction, grammar, word choice, or punctuation. Choice a repeats the original underlined text. If there is no error in the underlined portion, choose a. If there is an error, select the answer choice that most effectively expresses the meaning of the sentence without any ambiguity or awkwardness.

1. According to a recent survey, 62% of Americans use some form of alternative medicine; significantly more than the previous decade.

a. medicine; significantly more than the previous decade

b. medicine, a significant increase over numbers from the previous decade

c. medicine, which is a significant increase over the previous decade

d. medicine, which, compared to the previous decade, is a significant increase in number.

e. medicine, previously in the last decade the numbers were much higher

2. Nowadays, standard identification tags can be replaced by microchips implanted under a pet’s skin; these high-tech devices contain an owner’s contact information, making it easier than ever to find lost animals.

a. Nowadays, standard identification tags can be replaced by microchips implanted under a pet’s skin;
b. In today’s day and age, standard pet identification tags can be replaced by microchips
implanted under a pet’s skin;

c. Nowadays, microchips implanted under the skin of a pet can replace standard pet  identification tags,
d. Nowadays, microchips can be implanted under a pet’s skin to replace standard identification tags;
e. Nowadays, by implanting microchips under a pet’s skin, you can replace standard identification tags;

3. Internet search engines are revolutionary in their capacity to provide a free service to users, also offering targeted, low-key advertisements that assist users in their search.
a. also offering targeted, low-key advertisements that assist users in their search
b. while offering targeted, low-key advertisements that assist users in their search
c. while, offering advertisements that are low key and targeted to assist users in their search
d. while they offer targeted advertisements that are low key and assist users in finding what
they’re looking for
e. as well as offing targeted, low-key advertisements
to help users find things

4. Cryptography, the art or science of keeping messages secret, which is increasingly important in today’s age of information technology, was developed in or around 1900 B.C.
a. Cryptography, the art or science of keeping messages secret, which is increasingly important in today’s age of information technology, was developed in or around 1900 B.C.
b. Developed long ago, as early as 1900 B.C., cryptography, which is the art or science of
keeping messages secret, is increasingly important in this day and age of information technology.
c. While it is increasingly important in today’s era of information technology, cryptography,
which was developed in 1900 B.C., is the art or science of keeping messages secret.
d. The art or science of keeping messages secret, cryptography was developed as early as 1900 B.C., yet it is increasingly important in the age of information technology.
e. Developed as early as 1900 B.C., cryptography, the art or science of keeping messages secret, is increasingly important in today’s age of information technology.

5. Black holes are masses of infinitely dense matter that attract and pull in other matter, although white holes are infinite sources of mass that continually pour forth matter.

a. although white holes are infinite sources of mass that continually pour forth matter
b. while white holes are infinite sources of mass that continually pour forth matter
c. likewise white holes, which are infinite sources of mass, continually pour forth matter
d. since those that continually pour forth matter and are infinite sources of mass, white holes
e. matter that is continually poured forth from an infinite source of mass is called a white hole

6. Formally known as sleep apnea, more than 12 million Americans suffer from this serious but treatable condition.
a. Formally known as sleep apnea, more than 12 million Americans suffer from this serious but treatable condition.
b. Formally being known as sleep apnea, more than 12 million Americans suffer from this
serious but treatable condition.
c. More than 12 million Americans, who suffer from the serious but treatable disease known
as sleep apnea.
d. Formally, it is known as sleep apnea, and more than 12 million Americans are known to suffer from it.
e. More than 12 million Americans suffer from the serious but treatable condition formally
known as sleep apnea.

7. Ernest Hemingway’s novel For Whom the Bell Tolls takes its title from John Donne’s 1623 Meditation XVII, “No Man Is an Island.”
a. Ernest Hemingway’s novel For Whom the Bell Tolls takes its title from John Donne’s 1623
Meditation XVII, “No Man Is an Island.”
b. The novel of Ernest Hemingway titled For Whom the Bell Tolls takes that title from John
Donne’s 1623 Meditation XVII, called “No Man Is an Island.”
c. For his novel For Whom the Bell Tolls, Ernest Hemingway used the title he found in John
Donne’s 1623 Meditation XVII, “No Man Is an Island.”
d. In Ernest Hemingway’s novel For Whom the Bell Tolls, its title being taken from “No Man Is an Island,” of John Donne’s 1623 Meditation XVII.
e. For Whom the Bell Tolls is a novel by Ernest Hemingway which takes its title from the 1623 Meditation XVII “No Man Is an Island” by John Donne.

8. The first interspecies transplant is believed to have been completed in the early 1800s, when scientists grafted the tail of a rat onto the comb of a rooster.
a. when scientists grafted the tail of a rat onto the comb of a rooster
b. with the grafting of the tail of a rat onto the comb of a rooster by scientists
c. when scientists, with the tail of a rat, grafted it onto the comb of a rooster
d. scientists had grafted the tail of a rat onto the comb of a rooster
e. thus, the tail of a rat had been grafted onto a rooster’s comb

9. Seated high in the amphitheater, ancient Greek actors wore masks so that audience members could see their facial expressions.
a. Seated high in the amphitheater, ancient Greek actors wore masks so that audience
members could see their facial expressions.
b. Being seated high in the amphitheater, ancient Greek actors wore masks so that audience
members could see their facial expressions.
c. Ancient Greek actors wore masks so that audience members, seated high in the amphitheater, could see their facial expressions.
d. Ancient Greek actors wore masks so that audience members could see their facial expressions, seated high in the amphitheater.
e. Seated high in the amphitheater, the audience members could see the facial expressions of
the ancient Greek actors, who wore masks.

10. “Bloody Sunday” refers to two different historical events: the 1905 massacre of hundreds of civilians engaged in a peaceful march in St. Petersburg, Russia, whereas in 1972, in Derry, Ireland, British soldiers killed 13 peaceful demonstrators.
a. whereas in 1972, in Derry, Ireland, British soldiers killed 13 peaceful demonstrators
b. and the 1972 killing by British soldiers of 13 peaceful demonstrators in Derry, Ireland
c. but in 1972, there were 13 peaceful demonstrators killed by British soldiers in Derry, Ireland
d. in contrast, the 1972 killing by British soldiers of 13 peaceful demonstrators in Derry, Ireland
e. and in 1972, there was the killing by British soldiers of 13 people who were demonstrating peacefully in Derry, Ireland

Answers:
1. b. Choice a incorrectly uses the semicolon and does not clearly indicate what is significantly more—the percentage of Americans using alternative medicines or the frequency with which they use alternative medicines. Choice b corrects the semicolon error and correctly identifies exactly what the increase is: an increase in numbers. Choice c merely states that the increase is over the decade, which is incorrect. Choice d is wordy. Choice e is a run-on sentence, is wordy, and has awkward sentence structure.

2. d. Choice d is the most concise version of this sentence. Choice a uses the passive voice (can be replaced by microchips). Choice b is wordy and still retains the passive voice. Choice c is wordy and awkward and a run-on sentence; by adding you, e creates an improper shift in pronoun person.

3. b. This is the most concise version and the one that best expresses the relationship between the clauses. The use of also in choice a expresses addition when the relationship is really one of simultaneity. Choice c has a superfluous comma after while and uses a wordy that clause. Choice d is wordy. Choice e makes the same error as a and uses the vague phrase find things.
4. e. Choices a, b, and c are wordy. The yet in choice d does not express the right relationship between the clauses.

5. b. The main issue here is proper subordination/coordination. Although in choice a does not express the right kind of contrast; black holes do one thing while white holes do another—they exist simultaneously. Choice c makes the same mistake with likewise, which expresses similarity. Choice d uses the wrong subordinator and is wordy. Choice e omits the subordinating or coordinating word and is a run-on sentence.
6. e. The original item has a misplaced modifier. The sentence reads as if more than 12 million Americans are formally known as sleep apnea. Choice b uses the ungrammatical phrase being known as. Choice c is a fragment. Choice d has a vague pronoun reference; it is not clear to what exactly it refers.
7. a. This is the most clear and concise version. Choices b, c, and e are wordy. Choice d is a fragment and uses the preposition of where from is required.
8. a. This is the most clear and concise version. Choice b is wordy, using the passive construction by scientists. Choice c uses the wordy and awkward (even illogical) construction with the tail of a rat, grafted it. Choice d is a run-on and uses the wrong tense (it should be the simple past tense grafted, not had grafted). Choice e is a run-on and uses the wrong conjunctive adverb: Thus does not express the relationship between the clauses. It also makes tense mistake in d and uses a passive construction.
9. c. Choices a, b, and d have misplaced modifiers. Choice b also uses the ungrammatical phrase being seated. Choice e is grammatically correct but wordier than c, which is more direct and logical in its structure.
10. b. Coordination/subordination, parallel structure, and wordiness are the main issues here. Choice a uses the illogical subordinating conjunction whereas and lacks parallel structure—the elements of the second Bloody Sunday (date, event, place) are not in the same order or form as the first. Choice c uses an incorrect conjunction, is wordy because it uses the passive voice, and is not parallel. Choice d incorrectly uses in contrast instead of a word that expresses addition and uses the passive voice. Choice e expresses a logical relationship between the clause but is wordy and uses the passive voice.

These 100 questions are based upon words from General Service (GSL), General Academic List (GAL), and General Test List. About 80 questions are from GSL+GAL. Taken together, the GSL and GAL provide coverage of around 85% of academic and standardized test texts (Coxhead, 2000).
This practice test will help you assess your vocabulary skills. Take your time when answering each question. (We suggest not timing yourself.) Attempt to answer the questions without using a reference tool like a dictionary; however, if you come across words that you are unsure of, make a list of these words. After you complete the test, look up the definitions for the words on your list. It might be a good idea to write down the definition beside the word.

When you are finished, check the answer key carefully to assess your results. Then, you can determine how much time you need to spend to increase your vocabulary power.

Directions: For questions 1 through 18, choose the word that best fills in the blank.
1. Being a direct relative of the deceased, her claim to the estate was _____________.
a. optional
b. vicious
c. prominent
d. legitimate
2. The hail _____________ the cornfield until the entire crop was lost.
a. belittled
b. pummeled
c. rebuked
d. commended
3. The Earth Day committee leader placed large garbage bins in the park to _____________ Saturday’s cleanup.
a. confound
b. pacify
c. integrate
d. facilitate
4. Her rapport with everyone in the office _____________ the kind of interpersonal skills that all of the employees appreciated.
a. prevailed
b. diverged
c. exemplified
d. varied
5. The _____________ of the two rivers provided the perfect place to build a new state park.
a. assumption
b. confluence
c. seclusion
d. treatise
6. Do you have the _____________ paperwork you need to register for the class?
a. punitive
b. grandiose
c. restorative
d. requisite
7. Do not _____________ yourself; you must pass the last exam of the semester to graduate.
a. delude
b. depreciate
c. relinquish
d. prohibit
8. When you address the members of the committee, be sure to give a _____________ description of the new office procedures.
a. principled
b. determined
c. comprehensive
d. massive

9. Although Hunter was _____________ about revealing information to us when we first met him, he soon began to talk more than anyone.
a. customary
b. reticent
c. animated
d. voluntary
10. The darkening skies in the west were a _____________ to the dangerous thunderstorm that summer afternoon.
a. tedium
b. precursor
c. preference
d. momentum
11. The news was no longer secret; Martin Kemp _____________ told the press that he had accepted the nomination as board chairperson.
a. repulsively
b. reputedly
c. perpetually
d. principally
12. After an hour of heavy rain, the thunderstorm _____________, and we were able to continue our golf game.
a. abated
b. germinated
c. constricted
d. evoked
13. After years of experience, Florin became a _____________ veterinarian who could treat and operate on many different kinds of animals.
a. acute
b. superficial
c. consummate
d. ample
14. Anthony, a meticulous young man, _____________ watered his neighbors’ plants once a week while they were on vacation.
a. terminally
b. perpendicularly
c. diligently
d. haphazardly
15. _____________ elephants from the wild not only endangers the species but upsets the balance of nature.
a. Irritating
b. Poaching
c. Provoking
d. Smuggling
16. The two cats could be _____________ only by the number of rings on their tails; otherwise, they were exactly alike.
a. separated
b. divided
c. disconnected
d. differentiated
17. On each slick curve in the road, I was afraid we would _____________ and have an accident.
a. operate
b. hydroplane
c. submerge
d. reconnoiter
18. My cousin claimed to be _____________; evidently she was right because she always seemed to know what would happen in the future.
a. dreamlike
b. comical
c. criminal
d. clairvoyant

Directions: For questions 19 through 45, choose the best definition for the word in italics.
19. Although the plot of the film is admittedly trite, the characters are so
endearing that the movie is highly entertaining despite the old storyline.
Trite means
a. original.
b. exciting.
c. complex.
d. overused.
20. Ilka has always emulated her older brother, so it is no surprise that she is also pursuing a career as a neuroscientist. To emulate means
a. to support wholeheartedly.
b. to strive to equal, imitate, or outdo.
c. to be more successful than.
d. to regard as inferior.
21. Everyone loved Ilona’s idea, and she quickly garnered enough support for her proposal to present it to the committee. To garner means
a. to create.
b. to propose.
c. to demonstrate.
d. to withhold.
22. Cy’s attempt to finally complete the marathon was thwarted when he twisted his ankle in the 23rd mile. To thwart means
a. to injure seriously.
b. to prevent from accomplishing.
c. to support actively.
d. to be excessively competitive.
23. To subjugate means
a. to be the subject of a sentence or conversation.
b. to conquer, bring under control.
c. to be wrongly or unevenly distributed.
d. to be surrounded on all sides.

24. Benevolence means
a. kindness, generosity.
b. a kind, generous ruler.
c. to be generous with one’s time or money.
d. kind, giving charitably.
25. To coalesce means
a. to dig up, mine.
b. to carry out an ill-conceived or poorly planned course of action.
c. to combine and form a whole; join together.
d. to withdraw silently, especially in shame.
26. Docile means
a. one who domesticates animals.
b. the management of domestic affairs.
c. obedience.
d. willing to obey, easily managed or taught.
27. Anomaly means
a. regularity, consistency.
b. something that is irregular, abnormal, or deviates from the usual form.
c. a surprising collaboration, the cooperation of unlikely individuals.
d. discontent among a specific group within a larger population.
28. Lamentable means
a. regrettable, unfortunate.
b. to regret.
c. an unfortunate occurrence.
d. to do something regrettable.
29. To abscond means
a. to create a secret hiding place.
b. to do something without telling anyone.
c. to go away secretly and hide.
d. to do something ahead of deadline.

30. Disparate means
a. chosen from within.
b. exceeding expectations.
c. from the same origin.
d. fundamentally different, distinct, or apart from others.
31. Rectify means
a. to correct.
b. a correction.
c. a surprising error.
d. an editor.
32. Inscrutable means
a. teaching a lesson.
b. having little or no impact.
c. kept between or within members of a family.
d. not fathomable; incapable of being understood.
33. Antipathy means
a. that which occurred previously.
b. a strong aversion or dislike.
c. an examination of all aspects of an issue.
d. the act of separating from the source.
34. Neophyte means
a. original, unique.
b. something that comes from multiple sources.
c. a roommate; someone who lives with another.
d. a beginner or novice.
35. A belligerent person is
a. from another country, foreign.
b. kind, eager to help.
c. eager to fight, hostile.
d. loving, devoted.

36. Someone who is omniscient
a. often speaks without thinking.
b. receives the maximum benefit.
c. blames others for his or her own faults.
d. is eager to please.
37. A renaissance is
a. a rebirth.
b. a punishment.
c. a lie.
d. a mistake.
38. To equivocate is to
a. burn or sting.
b. speak in a way that conceals the truth.
c. put something in its proper place.
d. calm or quiet.
39. Something that is manifest is
a. everywhere.
b. newborn.
c. obvious.
d. deadly.
40. Something that is luminous is
a. bright, shining.
b. even, equal.
c. excessive.
d. full of knowledge.
41. A person who is culpable is
a. capable.
b. vocal.
c. energetic, full of life.
d. guilty.

42. Something that is innocuous is
a. dangerous or deadly.
b. irrelevant, wandering from the main path or point.
c. harmless, inoffensive.
d. clean, thoroughly washed.
43. To juxtapose is to
a. place side by side.
b. overwhelm, flood.
c. be born again.
d. speak in a round-about manner.
44. Someone who is reticent is
a. fair, judging equally.
b. reserved, silent.
c. bubbling over with enthusiasm.
d. deeply in love.
45. A veritable autograph is
a. very valuable.
b. an autograph by a famous person.
c. genuine.
d. a forgery or fake.
Directions: For questions 46 through 59, choose the correct word in the parentheses to complete the sentence.
46. I tried everything, but nothing would (elicit/illicit) a response from the child.
47. The Euro has (deprecated/depreciated), but the dollar is up.
48. Stop (persecuting/prosecuting) me just because I often disagree with you.
49. Tomorrow the city is going to (raise/raze) the building that I grew up in.
50. As soon as I get off the phone, I will (appraise/apprise) you of the situation.

51. The odor quickly (disbursed/dispersed) through the room, and soon it was no longer even noticeable.
52. I don’t like Igor because he is constantly (meddling/mettling) in things that are none of his business.
53. Although you all seem to agree, I must (decent/descent/dissent); I think this is a bad decision.
54. Dixie is so (ingenious/ingenuous) I don’t think she could lie if her life depended on it.
55. I’m just going to (peak/peek/pique) in the baby’s room to make sure she’s okay.
56. The thief managed to (allude/elude) the police for several days, but they finally caught up with him in Reno.
57. The (cue/queue) for the movies was all the way to the end of the block and around the corner.
58. Georgio had to (fain/feign) excitement when he opened his presents so his parents wouldn’t know he’d already searched their room to find out what he was getting.
59. A strange odor is (eminenting/imminenting/emanating) from Professor Van Buren’s laboratory.

Directions: In questions 60 through 63, identify the correct synonym by looking for word roots, prefixes, or suffixes. Choose the word that means the same or about
the same as the italicized word.
60. an incoherent answer
a. not understandable
b. not likely
c. undeniable
d. challenging
61. covered with debris
a. good excuses
b. transparent material
c. scattered rubble
d. protective material
62. inadvertently left
a. mistakenly
b. purposely
c. cautiously
d. carefully
63. compatible workers
a. gifted
b. competitive
c. harmonious
d. experienced
Directions: In questions 64 through 67, choose the word that means the opposite.
64. capable employee
a. unskilled
b. absurd
c. apt
d. able
65. zealous pursuit
a. envious
b. eager
c. idle
d. comical
66. exorbitant prices
a. expensive
b. unexpected
c. reasonable
d. outrageous

67. belligerent attitude
a. hostile
b. appeasing
c. instinctive
d. ungracious
Directions: For questions 68 through 72, choose the word whose definition best matches the description.
68. an artist’s first gallery showing
a. ennui
b. imbroglio
c. parvenu
d. debut
69. a temporary separation in a relationship
a. blasé
b. quid pro quo
c. hiatus
d. malaise
70. wearing a disguise
a. incognito
b. imbroglio
c. milieu
d. oeuvre
71. pretending not to be hurt by an insulting remark
a. ad hoc
b. gauche
c. cliché
d. façade
72. someone who reports students’ questions and concerns to the dean
a. aficionado
b. liaison
c. parvenu
d. vis-à-vis

Directions: For prefix and suffix questions 73 and 74, choose the word or phrase that best describes
the section of the word.
73. congregation
a. with
b. over
c. apart
d. time
74. wisdom
a. a state of being
b. a relationship
c. a property
d. an action
75. A synonym for affect is
a. accomplish.
b. cause.
c. sicken.
d. influence.
76. An antonym for wary is
a. alert.
b. leery.
c. worried.
d. careless.
77. An antonym for novel is
a. dangerous.
b. unsettled.
c. suitable
d. old.
78. A synonym for continuous is
a. intermittent.
b. adjacent.
c. uninterrupted.
d. contiguous.
79. A synonym for courtesy is
a. civility.
b. congruity.
c. conviviality.
d. rudeness.
80. An antonym for fallacy is
a. truth.
b. blessing.
c. weakness.
d. fable.

Directions: For questions 1 through 20, choose the word that best fills in the blank.

81. George developed an _____________ plan to earn the extra money he needed to start his own business.
a. elitist
b. irrational
c. aloof
d. ingenious
82. We knew everything about the newest member of our group; she was very _____________.
a. expressive
b. secretive
c. reserved
d. artistic
83. I have always liked your positive attitude; it has _____________ affected our working relationship.
a. adversely
b. shamelessly
c. candidly
d. favorably

84. Dog-sitting for Buddy is easy to do; he is a _____________ and obedient pet.
a. delectable
b. commonplace
c. meddlesome
d. docile
85. The directions to the new office were _____________, and I had no trouble finding it in time for work.
a. priceless
b. arduous
c. explicit
d. embodied
86. If your drinking water is not _____________, it could cause serious health problems.
a. valid
b. quenchable
c. impure
d. potable
87. The new board member said she would vote in favor of the proposed city ordinance because it _____________ many of the points discussed earlier this year.
a. encompassed
b. released
c. reminisced
d. dispersed
88. Rachel _____________ a plan to become a millionaire by age 30.
a. conformed
b. devised
c. decreased
d. condoned

89. Wanting to make a good impression, he found himself in a _____________ about the right tie to wear to the business meeting.
a. prestige
b. redundancy
c. quandary
d. deficit
90. Because Mark needed to pass the exam, he made studying a _____________ over watching his favorite television show.
a. priority
b. conformity
c. perplexity
d. concept
91. Hoping to win a prize for the best costume, Tim dressed _____________ with bright red suspenders and a purple tie.
a. eminently
b. virtuously
c. conspicuously
d. obscurely
92. Muhammad fell asleep during the movie because it had a very _____________ plot.
a. monotonous
b. torrid
c. ample
d. vital
93. To get the promotion she wanted, she _____________ that it was best to go back to school to get her master’s degree as soon as she could.
a. supposed
b. surmised
c. presumed
d. resolved
94. The narrator’s description was an accurate _____________ of a true southern family.
a. portrayal
b. council
c. disguise
d. reunion
95. Due to slippery road conditions and the slope of the narrow, winding highway, the car _____________ down the steep mountainous road.
a. dissented
b. ventilated
c. careened
d. agitated
96. The fire alarm _____________ beckoned the volunteer firefighters of the small community to come to action.
a. approvingly
b. significantly
c. symbolically
d. audibly
97. After running an early 5K race, Simone _____________ devoured a hearty breakfast.
a. dynamically
b. voraciously
c. generously
d. beneficially
98. The car rental company considered the scratches on the driver’s door to be caused by a minor _____________.
a. mishap
b. attraction
c. reflex
d. duplicate

99. The participants in the road rally agreed to _____________ near the village commons at 5:00.
a. rendezvous
b. scatter
c. filibuster
d. disperse
100. Understanding the world economic conditions, the recent graduates spoke _____________ about job prospects for the future.
a. warily
b. luxuriously
c. measurably
d. narrowly
ANSWERS
1. d. Legitimate means in a manner conforming to recognized principles or accepted rules or standards.
2. b. Pummeled means to pound or beat.
3. d. Facilitate means to make easier or help bring about.
4. c. Exemplify means to be an instance of or serve as an example.
5. b. Confluence means a coming or flowing together, a meeting, or a gathering at one point.
6. d. Requisite means essential or necessary.
7. a. Delude means to mislead the mind; to deceive.
8. c. Comprehensive means covering completely or broadly.
9. b. Reticent means inclined to be silent or uncommunicative, reserved.
10. b. Precursor means something that comes before.
11. d. Reputedly means according to general belief.
12. a. Abated means to decrease in force or intensity.
13. c. Consummate means extremely skilled and experienced.
14. c. Diligently means to do something with careful attention and great effort.
15. b. To poach is to trespass on another’s property in order to steal fish or game.
16. d. To differentiate between two things is to establish the distinction between them.
17. b. When a car goes out of control and skims along the surface of a wet road, it is called hydroplaning.
18. d. A clairvoyant is someone who can perceive matters beyond the range of ordinary perception.
19. d. Trite means repeated too often, overly familiar through overuse. The key context clue is the phrase “the old storyline,” which indicates that the plot of the movie is overused.
20. b. To emulate means to try to equal or excel, especially by imitation. The sentence tells you that Ilka is pursuing the same career as her brother, which indicates that she is trying to equal or outdo him through imitation.
21. d. To garner means to gather, amass, or acquire. The sentence tells you that Ilona quickly found the support she needed to present her idea to the committee; also because the sentence states that people loved Ilona’s idea, it is logical to conclude that she would gather their support.
22. b. To thwart means to prevent the accomplishment or realization of something. Cy’s twisted ankle kept him from realizing his attempt to complete the marathon.
23. b. The prefix sub- means under or below. To subjugate means to conquer, subdue, bring under control. Notice also the verb suffix -ate, meaning one that performs, promotes, or causes an action; being in a specified state or condition.
24. a. The noun suffix -ence means state of. Benevolence means the inclination to be kind and generous; a disposition to act charitably.
25. c. The prefix co- means with, together. Coalesce means to combine and form a whole; to join together, fuse.
26. d. The adjective suffix -ile means having the qualities of. Docile means willing to obey, ready and willing to be taught, or easily managed.
27. b. The prefix a- mean not, without. Anomaly means something that deviates from the general rule or usual form; one that is irregular or abnormal.
28. a. The adjective suffix -able means capable or worthy of. Lamentable means regrettable, unfortunate; inspiring grief or mourning.
29. c. The prefix ab- means off, away from, apart, down. To abscond means to go away secretly and hide oneself, especially after wrongdoing.
30. d. The prefix dis- means away from, apart, reversal, not. Disparate means fundamentally different or distinct; dissimilar, varied.
31. a. The verb suffix -ify means to make. To rectify means to make right, correct.
32. d. The prefix in- means not. Inscrutable means baffling, unfathomable, incapable of being understood. Notice also the adjective suffix -able.
33. b. The prefix anti- means against, opposed to. Antipathy means a strong aversion or dislike.
34. d. The prefix neo- means new, recent, a new form of. Neophyte means a beginner or novice.

35. c. The root bel means war. The ending -ent is an adjective suffix meaning in a state or condition; performing or causing a specified action. Belligerent means hostile and aggressive, showing an eagerness to fight.
36. d. The root omni means all; the root sci means to know. Omniscient means having infinite knowledge, knowing all things.
37. a. The root nas/nat/nai means to be born. The prefix re- means back or again; the suffix -ance means state of. Renaissance means a rebirth or revival.
38. b. The root equ means equal; the root voc/vok means to call; the suffix -ate means to make, cause to be. To equivocate means to use unclear or ambiguous language in order to mislead or conceal the truth. Thus, someone who equivocates is “equally” lying and telling the truth (or rather, not quite doing either).
39. c. The root man means hand. Manifest means clear and unmistakable, obvious; thus, at hand. The correct answer can be achieved here through the process of elimination, as  the other answers correspond with different roots.
40. a. The root luc/lum/lus means light; the suffix -ous means having the quality of or relating to. Luminous means shining, emitting light; full of light, brilliant.
41. d. The root culp means blame. The adjective suffix -able means capable or worthy of. Culpable means deserving blame or censure for doing something wrong or harmful; blameworthy, guilty.
42. a. The root nec/nic/noc/nox means harm, death. The prefix in- means not; the suffix -ous means having the quality of or relating to. Thus, innocuous means harmless, having no adverse or ill effects.
43. a. The root pon/pos/pound means to put, place. To juxtapose means to place side by side, especially to compare or contrast.
44. b. The root tac/tic means to be silent. Reticent means tending to keep one’s thoughts and feelings to oneself; reserved, untalkative, silent.
45. c. The root ver means truth. The suffix -able means capable or worthy of. Veritable means real, true, genuine.
46. elicit. To elicit means (1) to call forth or draw out, to provoke; (2) to deduce or derive  by reasoning. This sentence uses the first meaning.
47. depreciated. To depreciate means to diminish in price or value, to lessen the worth of. It also means to think or speak of as being of little worth, to belittle.
48. persecuting. To persecute is to oppress, harass, or mistreat, especially because of race, religious or political beliefs, or sexual orientation.

49. raze. To raze is (1) to level to the ground, demolish completely; (2) to erase, obliterate. This sentence uses the first meaning.
50. apprise. To apprise means to give notice or information to, to make aware of, inform.
51. dispersed. To disperse is (1) to separate and scatter in different directions,
or cause to do so; (2) to distribute widely, disseminate. This sentence uses
the first meaning.
52. meddling. To meddle is to intrude in other people’s affairs, interfere.
53. dissent. To dissent is (1) to differ in opinion, disagree; (2) to withhold
approval or assent. This sentence uses the first meaning.
54. ingenuous. Ingenuous means (1) not cunning or deceitful, unable to mask
feelings; artless, frank sincere; (2) lacking sophistication or worldliness.
This sentence uses the first meaning.
55. peek. To peek is to glance quickly or peer at furtively.
56. elude. To elude is (1) to escape from or evade, especially by cleverness, daring,
or skill; (2) to be incomprehensible to, escape the understanding of.
57. queue. A queue is (1) a line of waiting people or vehicles; (2) in information
processing, an ordered list of tasks to be performed or sequence of programs
awaiting processing. This sentence uses the first meaning.
58. feign. To feign is to pretend, to give the false appearance of.
59. emanating. To emanate is to come or issue forth, as from a source.
60. a. Incoherent means not understandable. To cohere means to connect. A
coherent answer connects or makes sense. The prefix in- means not.
61. c. Debris is scattered fragments or trash.
62. a. Inadvertently means by mistake. The key element in this word is the prefix
in-, which means not.
63. c. Compatible means capable of existing or performing in harmony.
64. a. The suffix -able tells you that a capable employee is one who has ability.
Capable means able; unskilled means unable.
65. c. Zealous means eager, so idle is most nearly the opposite. You may have
heard the word zeal before, which might give you a clue about the meaning
of the word. One other precaution is to be careful and not be misled by the
similar sounds of zealous and jealous. The other trick is not to choose the
synonym, eager, choice b.
66. c. The best clue in this word is the prefix ex-, which means out of or away
from. Exorbitant literally means exceeding the bounds of what is fair or normal;
very high. The opposite of an exorbitant or outrageous price would be a
reasonable one.

67. b. The key element in this word is the root belli, which means warlike. The
synonym choices—hostile and ungracious—would be incorrect. The
antonym would be appeasing.
68. d. A debut is a first appearance in or presentation to the public.
69. c. Hiatus means a gap or opening; an interruption or break.
70. a. Incognito means with one’s identity concealed; in disguise or under an
assumed character or identity.
71. d. A façade is (1) the face or front of a building; (2) an artificial or deceptive
front, especially one intended to hide something unpleasant.
72. b. Liaison means (1) a channel or means of connection or communication
between two groups; one who maintains such communication; (2) a close
relationship or link, especially one that is secretive or adulterous.
73. a. The prefix con- means to be together with. A congregation would gather
together with each other in a house of worship.
74. a. The suffix -dom is a state of being. Someone who has wisdom is someone
who is wise enough to discern or judge what is right, true, or lasting.
75. d. To affect means to influence.
76. d. To be wary is to be on guard or watchful; careless is the opposite of
watchful.
77. d. To be novel is to be new; the opposite is old.
78. c. Continuous means marked by uninterrupted extension in space and time.
79. a. A courtesy is a courteous or mannerly act; it is characterized by civility.
80. a. A fallacy is a false or mistaken idea, trickery; a truth is something that
conforms to the facts.

81. d. Ingenious means marked by originality, resourcefulness, and cleverness in
conception.
82. a. An expressive person would be one who is open or emphatic when revealing
opinions or feelings.
83. d. Favorably means gracious, kindly, or obliging.
84. d. Docile means easily led or managed.
85. c. Explicit means clearly defined.
86. d. Potable means fit for drinking.
87. a. Encompassed in this context means included.
88. b. Devised means to form—in the mind—new combinations or applications
of ideas or principles; to plan to obtain or bring about.
89. c. Quandary means a state of perplexity or doubt.
90. a. Priority means the right to receive attention before others.
91. c. Conspicuously means obvious to the eye or mind; attracting attention.
92. a. Monotonous means having a tedious sameness.
93. d. Resolved means having reached a firm decision about something.
94. a. Portrayal means a representation or portrait.
95. c. Careen means to rush headlong or carelessly; to lurch or swerve while in
motion.
96. d. Audibly means heard or the manner of being heard.
97. b. Voraciously means having a huge appetite; ravenously.
98. a. A mishap is an unfortunate accident.
99. a. A rendezvous is a meeting or assembly that is by appointment or
arrangement.
100. a. Warily is a manner marked by keen caution, cunning, and watchful
prudence.
By now you’ve seen that a good working vocabulary is a very important asset when taking the any standardized test. Remember that the best way to learn vocabulary is also the easiest: just go all 1000 words every day for 5 days. Each time it will take about 90 minutes. First two times, just listen all words without looking at the list. 3rd and 4th times, listen and also read words. From 5th to 7th times, just read the list.
Here why it is the fastest way to learn vocabulary. Research has proven that you if you go through a list of about 1000 words, after 24 hours you will retain only 20%. To retain, 100%, you need to go through the whole list every 24 hours for 5 consecutive days. At the end of the 5th day, you should able to recall all words from the memory. Now this is one of the most powerful strategy to learn vocabulary fast.


Another alternative is to work with flash cards. Flash cards are pieces of paper or
index cards that are used as a learning aid. Write the vocabulary word on one side
and the definition on the other. Or, try writing a sentence that uses the word on one
side of the flash card and the definition of the word on the other. Flash cards are
easy to handle, they’re portable, and they’re friend-friendly, so you can study with
a buddy. You and your friends can drill each other. If you can make games out of
learning vocabulary, studying will be more fun and you will learn more as well!

Master General Academic List in 7 Days
What is General Academic List (GAL)?

The General Academic List (also commonly known as the Academic World List (AWL)) consists of vocabulary that students are likely to encounter across all academic fields. It includes the most common 1000 words in academic texts, excluding the 2,000 words of West’s General Service List. This list was first compiled by Dr. Averil Coxhead in 1998 at the Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. Original list had 570 words. Since then, 430 more words were added to the list to help students to read large variety of academic books.

With this list, high school and university level students are likely to be able to master academic material with more confidence and speed, wasting less time and effort in guessing words or consulting dictionaries than those who only know the basic 2,000-words from GSL, which characterize ordinary conversation.

Knowledge of this type of vocabulary is also an important factor in achieving high scores in any standardized test such as SAT-I, IELTS, TOEFL, and ACT as well as writing exams for any college admission test. These tests are often prerequisites to entering colleges in the United States and in other countries.

In addition, these words include vocabulary of everyday usage, equally useful to those who do not have academic goals. The GAL does not, however, include technical words which are specific to a given field. Nor does it contain words which are of general use and very high frequency.

In the following example sentences, the academic words are shown in bold:  

• During various stages of a planning process, review and revise the goals and objectives in the plan elements to ensure that they do not contradict one another.
• Discussion and analysis in this area has covered a number of discrete issues, including the effect of shifting trade patterns on employment levels.
• Teachers identified aspects intrinsic to the task of teaching, such as their interactions with students and their capacity to influence student progress and achievement.
• This emphasis on improving student outcomes will persist in the immediate future as the dominant factor in determining the success or failure of education reform strategies.
• New challenges, opportunities, and demands are necessary to ensure that creativity and motivation do not fade away.

It is very clear that no student at an English-medium school or university can hope to achieve academic success (or read a serious English newspaper or magazine) unless he or she knows a considerable number of such words.

After knowing these words from above list, you will able to do academic level readings across all academic fields and will able to write fairly complex text in an academic setting.
 
Please use these steps to know all academic words fast in 7 days:

• Step 1: Listen all 1000 words without looking at the list. For many words ( such as know, psychology, Adjective) spellings are different from their pronunciations. For this reason, you must NOT look at the list while listening. This is very important so your brain can embed the correct pronunciation for life for each word. Each listening will take about 90 minute.
   
• Step 2: Wait 24 hour then listen all 1000 words again — with looking at the list. Why wait 24 hrs? Waiting of 24 hrs is important. Because, according to language researchers, we move words from our short term memory into long term durign sleep. But, we also need to meet a word about 3 to 7 times† before it can becomes part of our long-term memory. After listening the words total of 7 times, they should become part of your long term memory with correct pronunciation.
   
• Use flashcards trainer to go through all words to memorize any difficult words faster, if they are available.
   
• For long term memory and retention of proper pronunciation/accent for life, listen to the whole list once a month for 12 months and once a year for life.
   
• Each listening and going through word list via flashcards trainer will take about 1 1/2 hour (90 minutes). You should know all words in GAL in about 7 days.

 That's all. After knowing all words, you will able to read most academic books (and other general books) easily.

Note: If you have more time, try to repeat above steps for General Service List (GSL) 1000 words (not included in GAL) and General Test List (GTL) 1000 words also not included in GSL and GAL. This will help you master all 3 word lists with 3000 words in about 21 days. After this, you will not need to master any other vocabulary list.

THE GENERAL SERVICE LIST (GSL)
These 1000 words are selected from General Service List (GSL) published in 2000 by J. Bauman. It contains the 2000 (in our case1000) most useful headwords in English language. On average, the GSL represents 82% of words used in English (Nation, Waring: 1997).
After knowing these words, a learner will able to do all general level readings such as newspaper, magazine, and course level readings for 8th grade or less level.
 
GSL includes vocabulary items required for the following exams:
Cambridge Young Learners of English (YLE) at all levels: Starters, Movers and Flyers, and Cambridge Key English Test (KET). This vocabulary range is necessary to communicate easily at A1 and A2 levels, according to The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages.

With the use of the vocabulary at elementary level, the learner can easily describe basically all the meanings in a given language. Mastering this set of vocabulary items allows the learners to understand the spoken and written language and to talk about basic everyday topics. It also helps student to understand 1000 words in General Academic List (GAL) and 1000 words in General Test List (GTL).

abandon [v] to leave or give up


ability [n] ableness to do something; a skill for doing something well


abnormal [adj] not normal, unusual


absent [adj] being not there; missing


absolutely [adv] completely; 100%


absorb [v] to take in; to take up


abstract [adj] not specific or concrete


abundant [adj] existing in large quantities


abuse [v] to treat someone or something badly


accelerate [v] to get or make faster


accept [v] to agree (to have)


access [n] the right to enter or use


accompany [v] to go with someone or something; to exist together


accomplish [v] to do or achieve


accordingly [adv] appropriate to; in compliance with


account [n] a written or spoken report of a happening


accumulate [v] to grow; to gather together


accurate [adj] exact, containing no mistakes


accuse [v] to blame


achieve [v] to gain or get something (often academic success)


acknowledge [v] to agree with; admit to; give credit to


acquire [v] to get or obtain


actual [adj] real


adapt [v] to change (often in response to a changed situation)


add [v] to include; to give or say extra


address [v] to give attention to (an issue)


adequate [adj] (good) enough; ok


adhere [v] to keep to; to follow


adjacent [adj] next to


adjust [v] to change (often in order to make something work properly)


administration [n] the people responsible for running an organization such as the government or a school


admit [v] to allow to enter


adopt [v] to take in; to start


advance [v] to go or move forward; to get better


advantage [n] benefit


advise [v] to say what someone should do; to give advice


advocate [v] to speak or write on behalf of someone or something


affair [n] to speak or write on behalf of someone or something


affair [n] an event or series of events


affect [v] to have an influence on


afford [v] to be able to pay for something


against [prep] opposed to; not for or in favour


agent [n] a person who is paid to do a job for someone


aid [n] help (often financial help)


aim [n] goal or intention


albeit [conj] although, but


align [v] to bring into line with; to make similar


allege [v] to claim or state


allocate [v] to give to (to promise to give)


alter [v] to change


alternative [n] other possibility


ambiguous [adj] not clear; open to more than one interpretation


amend [v] to change (usually to improve something)


among [prep] in, between


amount [n] how much there is of something


analyze [v] to look at something in detail in order to understand it


ancient [adj] very old


annotate [v] to make notes on a piece of writing


annual [adj] yearly


anomaly [n] an unexpected happening or piece of data


anonymous [adj] having no name or known author


anticipate [v] to expect


apart [adj] not together, separate


apparatus [n] equipment; things you need to do a job


apparent [adj] clear; obvious


appeal [v] to complain against an official judgment; to make a strong request


appear [v] to come, be seen


append [v] to add to the end (of a piece of writing)


apply [v] to be relevant (to)


appoint [v] to give a job to someone


appreciate [v] to understand (the value of someone or something)


approach [v] to near; to get closer


appropriate [adj] right (for the occasion; suitable


approve [v] to agree to


approximately [adv] about; not exactly


arbitrary [adj] not planned or thought-out; not considering the wishes of others


area [n] field, sphere


argument [n] justification or reason (for an idea)


arise [v] to happen


arrange [v] to plan to happen; to group together


artificial [adj] not real or natural


aspect [n] feature, part of


assemble [v] to get, put or bring together


assent [n] agreement


assert [v] to claim, to say strongly


assess [v] to judge or test


asset [n] advantage


assignment [n] a task; the giving of a task


assimilate [v] to take in


assist [v] to help


associate [v] to link to; to make a connection to


assume [v] to believe to be true; to presume or predict


assure [v] to make sure; to say that something will certainly happen


atmosphere [n] mood among people or groups


attach [v] to put together with


attack [n] to criticize; to attempt to harm or damage


attain [v] to get, achieve


attempt [v] to try


attend [v] to go to, to be present at


attention [n] focus


GAL 101-200-attitude-conform

attitude [n] what someone thinks about something (and how their behaviour is influenced by their thinking)


attract [v] to be interesting; to cause to like


attribute [n] characteristic; property


authentic [adj] real, genuine; not made-up or artificial


authority [n] control (right to control)


automatic [adj] happening by itself; happening naturally or usually


available [adj] can be had (bought or obtained)


average [adj] ordinary, typical


averse [adj] against


avoid [v] to not do something or go somewhere


aware [adj] knowing


background [n] family experiences; circumstances


balance [n] equalness


ban [v] to prohibit or forbid


barely [adv] not very much; hardly


base [v] to use as a way of doing or deciding something


basic [adj] first or easy


battle [n] fight, part of a war


behalf [n] as a representative of; for the benefit of


behave [v] to act or do things in a certain way


belief [n] what you think; what you believe in


belong [v] to be part of something or owned by someone


beneath [prep] below


benefit [n] advantage


besides [prep] in addition to; as well as


beyond [prep] further than: past


bias [n] favouring one more than another, prejudice


blame [v] to accuse


block [v] to not allow; to stop or prevent


bold [adj] brave


bond [n] link; tie


boundary [n] limit, extent


brief [adj] short


broad [adj] wide, extensive


broadcast [v] to tell or transmit (often by means of a television programme)


bulk [n] majority; largest part


cancel [v] to cut or stop from happening


capable [adj] able


career [n] a long-term job


case [conj] for the event that, because maybe


category [n] group of similar items


cause [n] the reason why something happens


cautious [adj] careful


cease [v] to stop


certain [adj] sure


challenge [n] difficult situation; problem


characteristic [adj] typical


chief [adj] most important


choice [n] decision, selection


circulate [v] to move from one place or person to another (often in a circle)


circumstances [n] situation


citizen [n] person (member of a country)


claim [v] to state to be true


clarify [v] to make something clear, explain


classic [adj] very good, the best or most used


classify [v] to put into a category or class


code [n] a set of rules


coincidence [n] an uncommon happening of two things


collaborate [v] to work together


collapse [v] to fall down completely and heavily; to fail


combine [v] to put or go together


command [n] control


commence [v] to start


comment [n] a short written or spoken statement or opinion


commercial [adj] to do with business


commit [v] to do (often an offense)


committee [n] a group of people meeting to discuss an issue


commodity [n] a product; something you can buy


common [adj] often seen or happening


communicate [v] to convey information


community [n] a group of people


comparison [n] a statement of how two things are similar or different


compatible [adj] able to work with someone or something else


compel [v] to force or make happen


compensation [n] money (or some other reward) given to someone who has suffered a loss or injustice


compete [v] to try and win against someone or something


competent [adj] good at something (often a job)


compile [v] to put together (often in a list


complete [adj] full or finished


complex [adj] difficult, complicated


complicate [v] to make things more complex or difficult


comply [v] to do what someone asks or orders


component [n] part of; an element of


comprehend [v] to understand


comprehensive [adj] full, complete


comprise [v] to be made up of; to include


compulsory [adj] required, must be done


conceal [v] to hide


concept [n] idea; understanding


concern [n] worry, fear


concise [adj] short, not detailed


conclude [v] to finish; to make a judgment


condemn [v] to express strong disapproval


condition [n] state


conduct [v] to do or perform; to behave


confident [adj] sure that something will happen


confine [v] to limit


confirm [v] to agree that something is correct


conflict [n] problem, struggle or battle


conform [v] to do what is required

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confront [v] to deal with someone or something (often a problem or unpleasant situation)


connect [v] to bring or put together


conscious [adj] aware, knowing


consent [v] to agree


consequence [n] result


conserve [v] to preserve; to not use


consider [v] to think


considerable [adj] very big; very much


consist [v] to have in it; to have as part of it


consistent [adj] regular or predictable; remaining the same


constant [adj] not changing; long-lasting


constitute [v] to be; to make up


constraint [n] to hold back; to prevent


construct [v] to make


consult [v] to get the advice of someone ( often an expert)


consume [v] to use, or use up


contact [v] to get in touch (e.g. by phone or email)


contain [v] to have in it; to hold inside


contemplate [v] to think about; to consider


contemporary [adj] of this time, happening now


context [n] the place or situation in which something is found


continue [v] to carry on, not stop


contract [n] a written agreement, binding in law


contradict [v] to say or show that what someone has said is wrong


contrary [n] opposite


contrast [n] difference


contribute [v] to give (for example: money, help or ideas); to play a part in


control [v] to have and exercise power over something or someone


controversy [n] an issue on which their are strong and conflicting opinions


convenient [adj] easy, not causing problems


conversely [adv] opposite to what was just said; on the other hand


convert [v] to change from one thing to another


convey [v] to pass on to another person (often by speaking)


convince [v] to (try and) get someone to believe something


cooperate [v] to work (well) with another person


coordinate [v] to bring things or people together so that they work well


correlate [v] to have a close connection


correspond [v] to be related to


counsel [n] advice; advisor


course [n] a subject or period of study


cover [v] to do; to complete


create [v] to make; to use your imagination to make something new


credible [adj] believable


credit [n] gained on completing a course of study; praise


crisis [n] very dangerous situation, catastrophe


criterion [n] a way to judge the value or importance of something


criticize [v] to express disapproval; to say what you don't like or think is good about something or someone


crucial [adj] extremely important


culminate [v] to end


current [adj] happening now


custom [n] a habit (often particular to a culture)


cycle [n] a complete series of events or processes


damage [v] to spoil or break


deal [n] agreement


debate [n] formal discussion


debt [n] something owed to another person (often money)


decade [n] a period of ten years


decision [n] intention to do something, choice


declare [v] to state


decline [v] to go down or get worse


decrease [v] to get smaller, to go down


dedicate [v] to devote (time and attention)


deduce [v] to come to a conclusion about someone or something


deed [n] an action


defeat [n] a loss (often in a battle or sports event)


defect [n] problem; mistake


defend [v] to give reasons for


deficient [adj] poor, lacking in quantity or quality


define [v] to state what something is or means


definitely [adv] certainly; without doubt


degenerate [v] to get worse


degree [n] amount


delay [n] lateness


deliberate [adj] intentional, not by accident


deliver [v] to provide (often by bringing to people)


demand [n] a need or desire for


demonstrate [v] to show


denote [v] to mean; to be a sign of


dense [adj] thick; full; detailed


deny [v] to refuse ( responsibility for doing or saying something); to say that something is not correct


depart [v] to leave; to be different from


depend [v] be influenced (by), rely upon


deprive [v] to take away (the opportunity)


derive [v] to come from or get from


descend [v] to go down


description [n] an account of what something is like or looks like


deserve [v] to have the right to something


design [n] planning (drawing)


desire [n] a want or wish for something


despite [prep] although


destroy [v] to break or damage completely


detail [n] a small piece of information


detect [v] to see, find or notice


deteriorate [v] to get worse


determine [v] to find out; to establish or identify


detriment [n] disadvantage


develop [v] to grow or improve


deviate [v] to be different


device [n] object; method


devise [v] to create or think up


GAL 301-400-devote-exhibit

devote [v] to give (time) to


diagnosis [n] assessment of a situation (particularly of a problem)


diagram [n] a type of picture or chart


dictate [v] to tell someone what to do


differentiate [v] to make different; to see the difference


dimension [n] importance; amount


diminish [v] to get smaller or less important


directions [n] instructions


disaster [n] a huge problem or failure


discern [v] to see; to perceive


discover [v] to find out; to find something for the first time (esp. land or scientific knowledge)


discrete [adj] separate


discuss [v] to talk about


dismiss [v] to reject, to treat as unimportant


disperse [v] to spread out; to move apart


displace [v] to push out or take the place of something or someone


display [n] a show, demonstration, illustration


dispose [v] to get rid of


dispute [n] argument; conflict


disrupt [v] to interrupt an event; to damage


distance [n] how far it is from one place to another


distinct [adj] clear and strong


distinguish [v] to make clear the differences between two things


distort [v] to change or affect something (negatively)


distribute [v] to give out


district [n] region of a city


disturb [v] to interrupt, stop from working


diverge [v] to move apart; to be different from


diverse [adj] many and different


domain [n] area (of interest)


domestic [adj] home


dominate [v] to be much better, to play the most important part


donate [v] to give (usually money)


doubt [n] a feeling of uncertainty (whether something is true)


drain [v] to take away; to get rid of


dramatically [adv] very strongly, significantly


drastic [adj] severe; great


drawback [n] disadvantage, problem


due [prep] as a result of, because of


duration [n] period of time


duty [n] responsibility, or job that you are required to do


dynamic [adj] changing; growing; energetic


earn [v] to get money or another reward (usually by working for it)


economic [adj] financial; to do with money


edit [v] to make changes in a piece of writing


education [n] schooling


effect [n] result


effective [adj] good, working well


efficient [adj] working quickly and easily


effort [n] hard work; attempt


elaborate [adj] detailed; complex


elect [v] to choose by voting


element [n] aspect, part


elementary [adj] easy


eligible [adj] being entitled or qualified to do something


eliminate [v] to dispose of


embody [v] to be a good example of ..


emerge [v] to come out; to become known


emphasize [v] to stress, to say something strongly


employ [v] to give a job to someone; to use


enable [v] to make something or someone able to do something


encounter [v] to meet or experience


encourage [v] to move someone to do something by positive talk; support or help


enforce [v] to make something happen (particularly a law or regulation)


engage [v] to participate in; to focus attention on


enhance [v] to make something better


enlarge [v] to make larger


enormous [adj] enormous [adj]


ensure [v] to make sure (of)


enter [v] to go in or put in


entire [adj] whole, all


entitle [v] to give the right to do something


entity [n] thing; body; organization


enumerate [v] to list


environment [n] the world around us


episode [n] period of time


equipment [n] the things you need (to do a job or play sport, etc.)


equivalent [adj] equal to; the same as


error [n] a mistake


especially [adv] particularly


essential [adj] very important


establish [v] to begin or set up


estimate [v] to make an intelligent guess


evaluate [v] to decide on the value, quality or importance of something


event [n] a happening


eventually [adv] in the end


evidence [n] proof, signs


evident [adj] clear


evolve [v] to develop (into something better)


exact [adj] precise, opposite of approximate


exaggerate [v] to "overstate" the truth; to say something is bigger or better than it really is


examine [v] to look at carefully


exceed [v] to be more than or better than


except [prep] but) not


exchange [v] to give or change one thing and get a different thing


exclude [v] to leave out; opposite of include


exercise [n] a piece of work, activity


exert [v] to use


exhaust [v] to use up


exhibit [n] to show

GAL 401-500-exist-illustrate

exist [v] to be alive, to be in the world


expand [v] to get bigger; to move into new areas


expel [v] to drive or push out


expense [n] cost


experience [n] knowledge and skills gained over a long period of time


experiment [n] test


expert [n] someone with great knowledge in a particular field


explain [v] to give the reason for something or say how to do something


explicit [adj] clearly and openly expressed


exploit [v] to use (sometimes in a negative way)


explore [v] to look into a place or thing (in order to learn more about it)


exponent [n] someone who holds and states an opinion


expose [v] to uncover, reveal


express [v] to say or mean


extend [v] to make longer in time or space


extent [n] size, amount


external [adj] outside


extract [n] to remove; to take out and use


extraordinary [adj] very unusual


extremely [adv] very


facilitate [v] to make something easier


facilities [n] buildings and other places that can be used by people


factor [n] an aspect to be considered


fade [v] to disappear slowly


fail [v] to not do something, or not work as expected; to do badly


faint [adj] not strong


fairly [adv] quite, somewhat


fallacy [n] mistake; false belief


familiar [adj] known; well-known


fare [v] to do or succeed


fault [n] fault [n]


fear [v] to be concerned or frightened about, to afraid


feasible [adj] possible


feature [n] part, aspect


fee [n] money for a service (e.g. a baking service)


field [n] area of interest or study


figure [n] number


final [adj] last


finance [n] to do with money and payment


firm [adj] strong, cannot be changed


flexible [adj] can be changed or bent


fluctuate [v] to vary; to rise and fall


focus [v] to direct attention (on an issue)


force [v] to make happen or to make someone do something


forecast [n] prediction


forego [v] to do without; to give up


form [v] to make (into a shape)


formal [adj] serious, not relaxed or everyday


format [n] appearance, layout, way of presenting


former [adj] previous, the one before, the first of two


formula [n] a method of doing something


formulate [v] formulate [v]


forthcoming [adj] coming soon


fortunate [adj] lucky


found [v] to begin (often an organization)


fragment [n] part of something


frequent [adj] often


friction [n] problems or arguments between two people or groups


frustrate [v] to stop or prevent


fulfill [v] to do; to carry out (completely)


function [n] job or role


fund [n] money collected for a particular purpose


fundamental [adj] very important


furthermore [adv] also, in addition


gain [n] to get; to increase in ..


gap [n] space, opening or time between


gather [v] to bring or get together, to collect


generally [adv] usually


generate [v] to make or produce


generation [n] group of people all born around the same time


genuine [adj] real and authentic


global [adj] world


goal [n] aim or intention


govern [v] to control or influence


gradually [adv] slowly; steadily


grant [n] a sum of money given to a person or organization


greatly [adv] very much


growth [n] development, increase


guarantee [n] to promise or assure that something will or will not happen


guide [n] someone or something that helps people (to understand or find their way)


habit [n] something you do regularly


halt [v] halt [v]


hardly [adv] not very much


harm [v] to damage or injure


harsh [adj] hard, unfair


hence [adv] so, therefore


hesitate [v] to pause before saying or doing something


hierarchy [n] organizational structure (e.g. showing who works for whom)


highlight [v] to show (the important features of something)


homogeneous [adj] having the same qualities or characteristics


hostile [adj] unfriendly; dangerous; strongly opposed to


hypothesis [n] idea or prediction


ideal [adj] best, optimal


identical [adj] exactly the same


identical [adj] exactly the same


identify [v] to know or say who or what something is


ignorance [n] lack of knowledge


ignore [v] to take no notice of; to leave out (of consideration)


illuminate [v] to show clearly; to light up


illustrate [v] to explain; to make clear

GAL 501-600-image-main

image [n] picture


imaginary [adj] not real; from the imagination


immediate [adj] first (without delay)


immense [adj] very large


impact [n] effect


implement [v] to start or put into practice (something that has been planned)


implication [n] result or consequence


imply [v] to mean; to give to understand


import [v] to bring in (to a country)


impose [v] to force; to require to happen


impress [v] to create a favourable reaction


improve [v] to get better


impulse [n] reason or motivation to do something


incentive [n] reward (to do something)


incident [n] happening; event


include [v] to put in; to have in


income [n] money earned


incorporate [v] to include


increase [v] to get bigger


indeed [adv] used in confirmation or emphasis; really


independent [adj] free; not needing anyone or anything else


indicate [v] to show or convey


indirectly [adv] in a indirect way; not straight or immediate


individual [n] one person


induce [v] to make happen; to force


industry [n] area of business ( often manufacturing )


inevitable [adj] cannot be changed or avoided; obvious


infer [v] to come to a conclusion about something


infinite [adj] without an end


influence [n] effect


inform [v] to say, give information


inherent [adj] part of; a fundamental characteristic of


inhibit [v] to prevent or stop


initial [adj] starting, first


innovation [n] new object or idea


innovation [n] new object or idea


inquire [v] to ask


insert [v] to put in


insight [n] understanding (often of a complex problem)


insist [v] to demand; to make a strong claim


inspect [v] to look at carefully


install [v] to put in (often a machine or new system)


instance [n] example


instant [adj] immediate


instead [prep] in place of; rather than


instinct [n] natural feeling or reaction


institution [n] a large organization; an important system or custom


instruction [n] advice or teaching how to do something; an order to do something


integrate [v] to fit into a new situation


intense [adj] strong, extreme


intention [n] plan, aim


interact [v] to react, to affect and be affected, to meet


interfere [v] to prevent; to harm


interior [n] inside


interpretation [n] explanation; assessment


interrupt [v] to stop something from happening


interval [n] a period of time


intervene [v] to step into a situation (in order to stop or change something)


intrinsic [adj] belonging to; inherent in


introduce [v] to talk about or bring in for the first time


invent [v] to create (often a new object)


invest [v] to put money into something


investigate [v] to find out what has happened or why something has happened


invisible [adj] cannot be seen


involve [v] to include or mean


isolate [v] to separate something or someone from others


issue [n] a matter or problem


item [n] thing, element


join [v] to become a member (of an organization) ; to get together with others


journey [n] a long trip to a different place


judge [v] to give an opinion about someone or something


justice [n] fairness in law


justify [v] to give a reason for doing something


key [adj] most important


label [v] to give a name to someone or something


labor [n] work


lack [n] absence of a thing


largely [adv] mostly


latter [adj] the second of two things mentioned


launch [v] to begin


layer [n] level


lecture [n] a talk on a particular subject; talk criticizing unacceptable behavior


legal [adj] acceptable in law (to do with the law)


legislation [n] governmental rule; law


legitimate [adj] correct; allowed


lessen [v] to reduce


level [n] standard; layer; amount


liable [adj] likely to happen; at risk of happening


liberty [n] freedom


license [n] permission to do something (often an official document)


likely [adj] probable


limit [n] extent, boundary


local [adj] in the area where you live or work


location [n] place, where something or someone is


logical [adj] making sense


loose [adj] not firm or finished


loss [n] removal or reduction


magnify [v] to make or show larger


magnitude [n] size; amount


main [adj] most important

GAL 601-700-maintain-persist

maintain [v] to claim or state


major [adj] important, large


majority [n] more than 50%


manage [v] to succeed in doing something; to be able to do something


manifest [v] show


manipulate [v] to (use and) change


manner [n] way of doing something


manufacture [v] to produce or make (with machines)


margin [n] amount; distance


massive [adj] very large


master [v] to (gain) control


materials [n] the things you need to do something


means [n] way


measure [v] to find out how much there is of something


mechanism [n] procedure, process


medium [adj] in the middle


member [n] a person who is part of a team or other organization


mental [adj] of the brain or mind


mention [v] to say; state


merely [adv] only, just, simply


method [n] a way of doing something


migrate [v] to go to another place


military [adj] to do with army


minimum [n] the smallest amount; the least


minor [adj] small, not important


mixture [n] combination


mobile [adj] moving; able to move


moderate [adj] not very much; not very strong; not extreme


modify [v] to change


monitor [v] to watch ( someone's or something's behaviour )


moreover [adv] also .., what is more ..


motivate [v] to get someone interested enough to do something


motive [n] reason


multiply [v] to increase greatly


namely [adv] specifically, that is to say ( .. used to list or explain)


naturally [adv] of course, obviously


necessary [adj] needed; very important


neglect [v] to not think about or care for


negotiate [v] to discuss (usually in politics or business)


neither [conj] not one or the other; not either


neutral [adj] neither for nor against; neither positive nor negative


nevertheless [adv] however (although / despite that)


notice [v] to see or realize


notion [n] idea; concept


novel [adj] new


numerous [adj] very many


obey [v] to do as commanded or expected


object [n] thing


objection [n] (a statement of) disagreement or disapproval


objective [n] aim or goal


obligation [n] a requirement to do something


observe [v] to watch carefully


obsolete [adj] not used or needed any more; out of date


obstacle [n] barrier; problem


obtain [v] to get


obvious [adj] clear, evident


occasion [n] time (opportunity)


occasionally [adv] sometimes


occupy [v] to up space or time


occur [v] to happen; take place


odd [adj] strange, unusual


offend [v] to go against; to upset


offer [v] to ask if someone would like something (e.g. food or help)


official [adj] approved by an authority


omit [v] to leave something out or not do something


operation [n] procedure; happening; process


opinion [n] view; what you think about someone or something


opportunity [n] chance


oppose [v] to be against or fight against something


optional [adj] not necessary or compulsory; can do it if you want


order [n] sequence, place


ordinary [adj] usual, typical, every day


organize [v] to put into (its proper) place


original [adj] the first of its kind


otherwise [conj] or (else)


outcome [n] result


outline [n] plan or summary


outstanding [adj] excellent


outstanding [adj] excellent


overall [adj] general


overcome [v] to conquer, defeat


overlap [v] to have in common; to cover part of


overly [adv] too


override [v] to take precedence over; to disregard


owe [v] to be in someone's debt (especially money)


own [v] to have or possess


participate [v] to take part


particular [adj] specific


passage [n] a piece of written or spoken text


passive [adj] not active; unresponsive


pattern [n] clear and consistent behavior


penalty [n] punishment; negative consequence


perceive [v] to see; to become aware of with one of the senses; to think


performance [n] action or achievement


perhaps [adv] maybe, possibly


period [n] a length of time


permanent [adj] lasting for ever or for a very long time


permit [v] to allow


perpetual [adj] continuing for ever; never disappearing


persist [v] to continue (often in the face of difficulty)

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perspective [n] view; opinion; way of thinking


persuade [v] to try and make someone do something or agree to something


phase [n] a (short) period of time; stage


phenomenon [n] a happening (often unusual or unexpected)


phrase [n] a few words; a written or spoken saying


physical [adj] of the body


plenty [n] many, lots of


point [n] purpose; reason; value


policy [n] formal rules


political [adj] to do government and politics


poor [adj] bad, unsatisfactory


portion [n] part, amount


positive [adj] good; optimistic


possess [v] to have or own


postpone [v] to put back in time


potential [n] good possibility


power [n] the right or authority to do something


practical [adj] useful; possible


praise [v] to express approval about something someone has done


precaution [n] something done to avoid danger, harm or problems


precede [v] to go or be before someone or something


precise [adj] exact


predict [v] to say what will happen in the future


predominantly [adv] mostly


prefer [v] to like better


prejudice [n] bias, discrimination, beliefs or feelings influenced by one's own background


preliminary [adj] first; initial


prepare [v] to get something ready (or to get ready for something)


present [v] to give or show; to make a presentation


preserve [v] to keep (safe)


pressure [n] force; influence; stress


prestige [n] fame and respect


presume [v] to believe, assume


prevail [v] to succeed; to overcome


prevent [v] to stop from doing or happening


previous [adj] the one before


prime [adj] most important


principal [adj] most important


principle [n] rule


prior [prep] before


priority [n] first and most important task


privilege [n] a right (to do something)


probable [adj] likely


procedure [n] the way to do something


proceed [v] to go forward (and do ..)


proceed [v] to go forward (and do ..)


process [n] a series of steps


procure [v] to get or obtain


produce [v] to make or create


profession [n] job; occupation


profit [n] money gained


profound [adj] deep; great; serious


program [n] a course of lessons; a project


progress [n] improvement or development


prohibit [v] to ban, disallow


promote [v] to encourage; to raise to a higher position in a job


prompt [adj] quick; on or before time


propensity [n] tendency; desire


proper [adj] correct, appropriate


property [n] the things that belong to someone, especially their home


proportion [n] amount; number; percentage


propose [v] to suggest


prospect [n] chance, likelihood


prosper [v] to do well; to become rich


protect [v] to keep something out of danger


protest [v] to express anger or unhappiness about something


prove [v] to show to be true


provide [v] to give


province [n] area (of interest


provoke [v] to cause to happen


public [adj] open to all; not private


publish [v] to make available in paper or online form


purchase [v] to buy


pure [adj] complete, 100%


purpose [n] reason, goal


pursue [v] to follow (or do)


qualify [v] to become eligible


quality [n] worth or value


quantity [n] quantity [n]


radical [adj] extreme, strong


raise [v] to lift; to make higher


random [adj] by chance; without any sequence


range [n] extent, distance between two points


rank [n] position (in a list or hierarchy)


rapid [adj] quick


rare [adj] unusual


rate [n] quantity; proportion; speed


rather [adv] instead


ratio [n] mathematical relationship between two amount


rational [adj] base on reason, not on emotion or instinct


react [v] to respond


realize [v] to come to know or understand


reasonable [adj] acceptable, quite good


receive [v] to get


recently [adv] in the near past


recognize [v] to know or understand (who someone is or what something is)


recommend [v] to suggest something to someone because it is good


record [n] evidence; documentation


recover [v] to get back


recur [v] to happen again

GAL 801-900-reduce-situation

reduce [v] to make smaller or shorter


refer [v] to direct (attention) to; to mean


reflect [v] to think or consider


reform [v] to change and improve


reform [v] to change and improve


refuse [v] to not do something that someone wants you to do


refute [v] to prove to be untrue; to deny


regard [v] to think or have an opinion about something or someone


regarding [prep] about, concerning, with respect to


region [n] part of a place


region [n] part of a place


regret [v] to feel sorry (for doing or saying something)


regular [adj] predictable, following a pattern; normal


regulate [v] to control


reinforce [v] to make something stronger


reject [v] to refuse


reject [v] to refuse


related [adj] connected; having something to do with each other


relationship [n] the way to things are connected


release [v] to let go or let out


relevant [adj] connected to the topic of discussion or consideration


reliable [adj] can be trusted, does not let you down


reluctance [n] unwillingness; hesitation


remain [v] to stay; still exist


remedy [n] cure (often for an illness)


remote [adj] far, distant, small


remove [v] to take away


repeat [v] to do or say again


replace [v] to put in or take the place of ..


reply [n] an answer


represent* [v] to be; to show or indicate


request [v] to ask politely


require [v] to need


research [n] study; the finding of information


reserve [v] to keep


resident [n] a person who lives in a place


resign [v] to give up (one's job)


resist [v] to fight against


resource [n] a source of information or material


respect [v] to think positively about someone


respectively [adv] an expression used to refer to two things, one after the other


response [n] answer or reply; reaction


responsibility [n] job, duty to do something


restore [v] to put back, create again


restrict [v] to limit


result [n] outcome, effect


retain [v] to keep


retire [v] to stop working


retreat [v] to go back


reveal [v] to show or uncover


revenue [n] money, income


reverse [v] to turn back or go back


review [v] to check over (and make changes)


revise [v] to change (in order to improve)


revive [v] to bring back (to life)


revolution [n] (a time of) great change


reward [v] to give something (e.g. a prize) for good work or behavior


rigid [adj] strict, unbending


rise [n] to go up


risk [v] to act in a way that might lead to danger or failure


role [n] job or function


rotate [v] to turn or move (around)


roughly [adv] about, approximately


route [n] the way to get to a place or a thing


royal [adj] of kings and queens


ruin [v] to spoil or damage


sample [n] example; a smaller number of a larger collection


sane [adj] reasonable; not mad


satisfactory [adj] OK; enough


scale [n] extent


scarce [adj] rare, not abundant


schedule [n] timetable


scheme [n] plan. idea, project


scope [n] extent, range


section [n] part


sector [n] part; area


secure [adj] safe


seek [v] to look for or want


seldom [adv] rare


select [v] to choose


separate [v] to pull or put apart


sequence [n] the order in which things are arranged or happen


series [n] a number of things, one after the other


serious [adj] severe, large


service [n] work done for others; help


settle [v] to solve a problem or dispute


several [adj] many


severe [adj] serious, harsh


share [v] to exchange; to give


shift [n] change


shortage [n] lack; an amount which is less than needed


shrink [v] to get smaller


significant [adj] important, large


signify [v] to mean; to be a sign of


similar [adj] like, almost the same as


simply [adv] completely; just


simultaneously [adv] at the same time


since [conj] because


site [n] place


situation [n] circumstances


skill [n] ability (e.g. in sport or music)


slight [adj] small


smooth [adj] easy, unproblematic


society [n] a group of people; the entire group of people living in a country


sole [adj] only


solve [v] to find an answer


somewhat [adv] quite, rather


sound [adj] good; strong


source [n] where something begins, where you can find something


spare [adj] not needed


specify [v] to state exactly


speculate [v] to think and talk about (often future events)


speed [n] speed [n]


sphere [n] area of interest


spontaneous [adj] happening without warning or planning


spread [v] to move (over a wider area)


stable [adj] not changing; not easy to change


staff [n] people working at a particular place (particularly an office or school)


stage [n] period of time, part of a process


standard [n] quality


state [n] condition, situation


statement [n] a spoken sentence or sentences (sometimes prepared in advance)


statistic [n] mathematical number


status [n] position, standing


steady [adj] gradual; without interruptions; firm


stereotype [n] a fixed idea about someone or something (often that is only partly true)


stimulate [v] to interest, make grow or encourage


stipulate [v] to require


store [v] to put something in a place where it can be found and used later


straightforward [adj] easy


strain [v] to put under stress or make difficult


strategy [n] a plan for how to achieve a goal


stress [v] to emphasize; to say what is important


strict [adj] hard, not changeable


strive [v] to work or try hard


structure [n] the way something is made or organized


struggle [n] a fight, a difficult situation to be overcome


subjective [adj] based on personal opinion or feeling


submit [v] to give; to send


subsequent [adj] next, following


subsidize [v] to support financially


substantial [adj] large


substitute [n] a thing or person to take the place of another


subtle [adj] not clear or strong


succeed [v] to do well


suffer [v] to experience something bad or painful


sufficient [adj] enough


suggest [v] to say an idea; to recommend


suitable [adj] good for a particular job or purpose


sum [n] an amount of money, total


summary [n] a short account of the most important details


superficial [adj] done quickly and without enough thought; not thorough; trivial


superior [adj] better


supervise [v] to control; to watch over people doing something


supplementary [adj] extra; additional


supply [n] provision, store


support [n] help


suppose [v] to think, imagine


suppress [v] to hold back; to not allow to happen


surface [n] the outside layer of an object


surplus [n] an amount that is more than needed or expected


surround [v] to be, go or make all the way around


survey [n] questionnaire; information gained by questioning people or data


survive [v] to not die


suspect [v] to believe


suspend [v] to stop (often for a short time only)


sustain [v] to keep going; to maintain


symbol [n] a picture; the representation of an idea


symptom [n] sign (often of a disease or other problem)


target [n] aim, goal


task [n] job


technical [adj] to do with machines or the way things work


technique [n] a method of doing something


temporary [adj] for a short or limited time


tend [v] to often behave in a certain way


term [n] a word or expression


terminate [v] to finish or stop


territory [n] land; area (of interest)


theory [n] idea or hypothesis


thereby [adv] by doing this


therefore [adv] so, as a result


thorough [adj] complete and careful


though [conj] although, even though, but


although, even though, but to warn or show signs of danger


thus [adv] so


tolerate [v] to allow to happen; to bear


tool [n] something used to do a job


topic [n] area of interest or discussion


area of interest or discussion difficult, strong


trace [n] sign; indication; evidence


trade [v] to exchange products or services


tradition [n] a usual, old-time way of doing things


train [v] to teach someone how to do a job


trait [n] characteristic; aspect


transfer [v] to move to a different place or job


transform [v] to change (often completely)


transition [n] a move from one (place, time, etc.) to another


transmit [v] to send or convey


treatment [n] way of handing a person, situation or problem (often of illness)


trend [n] pattern of continuing behavior


trigger [v] to (cause to) start


trivial [adj] not important


trust [v] to believe that someone or something will be or work as promised


typical [adj] usual


ultimate [adj] final or most important


undergo [v] to receive or experience


underlie [v] to be the reason for or cause of something


undertake [v] to (plan to) do


uniform [adj] having the same qualities


unique [adj] single, unusual, one of a kind


unite [v] to bring or get together


universally [adv] all over the world; by everyone


unless [conj] if not


urban [adj] of the town or city


urgent [adj] very important, must be done immediately


utilize [v] to use


utter [adj] complete, total


vague [adj] not clear or strong


valid [adj] correct


valuable [adj] worth a lot of money; important


various [adj] several, of different kinds


vary [n] to change or be different


vast [adj] very large


verbal [adj] to do with words and language (especially the spoken language)


verify [v] to prove or claim the truth


version [n] form


victory [n] victory [n]


view [v] to have an opinion


violate [v] to spoil or break


GAL 901-1045-virtually-yield.vidoe

virtually [adv] almost


visual [adj] to do with sight and seeing


vital [adj] very important


volume [n] amount


voluntary [adj] done freely; from personal choice


warn [v] to notify (of possible danger)


whereas [conj] in contrast


whether [conj] if


while [conj] used to contrast to people or things; although


widespread [adj] common


willing [adj] happy or prepared to do something


wise [adj] intelligent; sensible


withdraw [v] to go back or take away


worth [prep] useful; having a point or purpose


yet [conj] but


yield [v] to produce